Reference list- The Power of Conscious Breathing

Pranayama:

Pranayama Breathing techniques - Respiratory treatment - Treatments - physio.co.uk. (n.d.). https://www.physio.co.uk/treatments/respiratory-treatment/pranayama-breathing-techniques.php

WebMD. (2023). What Is Pranayama? Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/balance/what-is-pranayama

Ananda.org. (n.d.). Pranayama - What Is Pranayama? Retrieved from https://www.ananda.org/yogapedia/pranayama/

Wikipedia. (2023). Pranayama. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranayama)Isha Sadhguru. (n.d.). Pranayama - the Benefits of Mastering Your Life Energy. Retrieved from https://isha.sadhguru.org/en/wisdom/article/pranayama-benefits-types

Diva Yoga. (n.d.). 14 types of Pranayamas. Retrieved from https://www.divayoga.com/blogs/14-types-of-pranayamas)Yogitim. (2024, January 5). Nadis: Meaning, Definition, Types and use • Yoga Basics • Yoga Basics. Yoga Basics. https://www.yogabasics.com/learn/energy-anatomy/nadis/

Agni Yoga India. (2024). Nadi Shodhana Pranayama: Procedure, Steps, Benefits. Retrieved from https://www.agniyogaindia.com/nadi-shodhana-pranayama

Yogapedia. (2023). What is Nadi? Retrieved from https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/5028/nadi

Dirgha pranayama:

S, P. H. (2023, June 6). Benefits of Dirga Pranayama: Three-Part Breath | IDY mysore. International Day of Yoga Mysuru. https://idy2022.com/benefits-of-dirga-pranayama-three-part-breath/

How to do Three-Part Breath (Dirgha Pranayama). (n.d.). Kripalu. https://kripalu.org/resources/how-do-three-part-breath-dirgha-pranayama

Dirgha Prânâyâma. (2023, February 9). The BioMedical Institute of Yoga & Meditation. . https://biyome.com.au/pranayama-manual/dirgha-pranayama/

Rathinaraj. S, James & .P, Yoga. (2020). A STUDY ON DIRGA PRANAYAMA ON TRIGLYCERIDES AMONG MIDDLE AGED WOMEN. Aegaeum. 8. 89-96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341852236_A_STUDY_ON_DIRGA_PRANAYAMA_ON_TRIGLYCERIDES_AMONG_MIDDLE_AGED_WOMEN

Fitzgerald, D. (2020, November 18). The Better Breathing Guide - ACAAI member. ACAAI Member. https://college.acaai.org/better-breathing-guide/

Bhramari Pranayama:

Rajyogarishikesh. (2021, November 7). Bhramari Pranayama – Humming Bee Breathing. Raj Yoga Online. https://rajyogaonline.com/bhramari-pranayama-bee-breath-steps-benefits-precautions/

Admin. (2023, January 20). Bhramari Pranayama: Unlock 9 benefits, steps, and essential precautions. Rishikul Yogshala Rishikesh. https://www.rishikulyogshalarishikesh.com/blog/bhramari-pranayama

Trivedi, G., Sharma, K., Saboo, B., Kathirvel, S., Konat, A., Zapadia, V., Prajapati, P. J., Benani, U., Patel, K., & Shah, S. (2023). Humming (Simple Bhramari Pranayama) as a stress Buster: A Holter-Based study to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) parameters during bhramari, physical activity, emotional stress, and sleep. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37527

Roy, J. (2023). “Investigating the Brain Activity Correlates of Humming Bee Sound during Bhramari Pranayama.” Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 26(4), 364–365. https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_648_23

Latha R, Sarveghna Lakshmi S. Effect of Bhramari Pranayama Practice on Cognitive Functions in Healthy Volunteers. International Journal of Physiology 2022;10(4). https://ijop.net/index.php/ijop/article/download/3340/2835/6551

Bhatia, Dinesh. Yoga and Brain Correlation Studies for Humming Bee Sound during Bhramari Pranayama. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 26(4):p 352, Jul–Aug 2023. | DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_611_23 https://journals.lww.com/annalsofian/fulltext/2023/26040/yoga_and_brain_correlation_studies_for_humming_bee.10.aspx

Chetry D, Chhetri A, Rajak DK, Rathore V. Gupta A. Exploring the health benefits of bhramari pranayama (humming bee breathing): A comprehensive literature review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2024;68:71-85. doi: 10.25259/IJPP_325_2023 https://ijpp.com/exploring-the-health-benefits-of-bhramari-pranayama-humming-bee-breathing-a-comprehensive-literature-review/

EEG Changes After Bhramari Pranayama - J-Stage. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/softscis/2006/0/2006_0_390/_pdf

Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on response inhibition - ResearchGate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264056175_Effect_of_Bhramari_Pranayama_on_response_inhibition_Evidence_from_the_stop_signal_task

A Framework of Measurable Features of Bhramari Pranayama: Breathing Enhances Coherence Between Neural Oscillators. Retrieved from https://indjst.org/download-article.php?Article_Unique_Id=INDJST12801&Full_Text_Pdf_Download=True

Yoga and Brain Wave Coherence - Heart and Mind. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/hhmi/fulltext/2020/04020/yoga_and_brain_wave_coherence__a_systematic_review.2.aspx

Ujjayi Pranayama:

Vinyasa Yoga Ashram. (2022). _Ujjayi Pranayama (Ujjayi Breathing): How to Do It, Steps and Benefits_. Retrieved from https://www.vinyasayogaashram.com/blog/ujjayi-pranayama-ujjayi-breathing-how-to-do-it-steps-and-benefits/

Healthline. (2022). _Benefits of Ujjayi Breathing and How to Do It_. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness-exercise/ujjayi-breathing

Insight Timer. (n.d.). _Ujjayi Breathing: Origins, Benefits, and How to Practice It_. Retrieved from https://insighttimer.com/blog/ujjayi-breathing-pranayama

Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research. (2023). _Immediate Effect of Ujjayi Pranayama on Attention and Anxiety_. Retrieved from https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/15934/51480_CE%5BRa1%5D_F%5BSH%5D_PF1\(AG_SS\)_PFA\(AG_KM\)_PN\(KM\).pdf

Himalayan Yoga Institute. (n.d.). _Ujjayi Breath – Blessing or Curse?_ Retrieved from https://www.himalayanyogainstitute.com/ujjayi-breath-blessing-curse/

Nadi Shodhana Pranayama:

How to do: Nadi Shodhana (Alternate Nostril Breathing) – Nourish Yoga training. (n.d.). https://nourishyogatraining.com/how-to-do-nadi-shodhana-alternate-nostril-breathing/

What to know about Alternate-Nostril Breathing. (2024, February 20). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/balance/what-to-know-about-alternate-nostril-breathing

Barrell, A. (2022, October 27). How and why to practice alternate nostril breathing. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alternate-nostril-breathing

PMC Article on Heart Rate Variability Effects of Nadi Shodhana Pranayama. Retrieved from [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10388195/](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10388195/)

Study on Effect of Nadi-Shodhana on Memory Scores. Retrieved from https://www.researchpublish.com/upload/book/A%20Study%20on%20Effect%20of%20Nadi-Shodhana-2287.pdf

Effect of Nadi Shodhana Pranayama on Respiratory Parameters. Retrieved from https://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/rrst/article/download/545/530

Analyzing the Impact of Nadi Shodhana Pranayama on Health Metrics. Retrieved from https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article-abstract/2782/1/020154/2896698/Analyzing-the-impact-of-nadi-shodhan-pranayama?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Sowmiyasree. (n.d.). _Activity-specific breathing patterns: A complete guide to optimizing your breath_. Sowmiyasree. Retrieved January 26, 2025, from https://sowmiyasree.com/blog/activity-specific-breathing-patterns-a-complete-guide-to-optimizing-your

Sitali Pranayama:

Hoch, K. (2020). _Sitali Pranayama_. Metta Yoga Studio. Retrieved from https://www.mettayogastudio.com/metta-blog/sitali-pranayama

Fitsri. (2024). _Sitali Pranayama (Cooling Breath): Steps, Benefits & Precautions_. Retrieved from https://www.fitsri.com/pranayama/sitali

Prana Sutra. (n.d.). _Sheetali Pranayama (Cooling Breath) – Steps, Benefits, & Precautions_. Retrieved from https://www.prana-sutra.com/post/sheetali-pranayama-steps-benefits-variations

De Gruyter. (2021). _Immediate effects of the practice of Sheetali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers_. Retrieved from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jcim-2020-0448/pdf

PMC. (2021). _Yoga practice (Sheetali Pranayama) on cognition in patients with primary hypertension_. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7903354/

PMC. (2017). _Effects of Sheetali and Sheetkari Pranayamas on Blood Pressure_. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6438091/

ResearchGate. (2022). _Impact of Sheetali and Sheetkari Pranayama on the Topographic Mapping of Brain Waves_. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350993482_Impact_of_Sheetali_and_Sheetkari_Pranayama_on_the_Topographic_Mapping_of_the_Brain_Waves

PMC Article on Neurophysiological Effects of Pranayamas. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7735501/

Telles et al. (2011). Effect of Yoga Breathing Maneuvers (Shitali and Sitkari Pranayama). Retrieved from [https://www.bibliomed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=3497](https://www.bibliomed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=3497)

Madanmohan et al. (2017). Effects of Sheetali and Sheetkari Pranayamas on Blood Pressure. _PMC_. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6438091/

PubMed. (2020). _Body Temperature and Energy Expenditure During and After Yoga Breathing Practices_. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31907342/

PMC. (2020). _Body Temperature and Energy Expenditure During and After Yoga Breathing Practices_. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6977599/

ResearchGate Article on Body Temperature Changes During Yoga Breathing Practices. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338457198_Body_Temperature_and_Energy_Expenditure_During_and_After_Yoga_Breathing_Practices_Traditionally_Described_as_Cooling

Sowmiyasree. (n.d.). _The science of personalized breathing: Discovering your unique breath_. Sowmiyasree. Retrieved January 26, 2025, from https://sowmiyasree.com/blog/the-science-of-personalized-breathing-discovering-your-unique-breath

Viloma Pranayama:

Viloma Pranayama (Interrupted breathing) in yoga. (2025, April 25). Prana Sutra Yoga. https://www.prana-sutra.com/post/viloma-pranayama-interrupted-breathing

Yoga for the Soul Retreats. (n.d.). _Change Your Flow with Viloma Pranayama_. Retrieved from https://www.yogaforthesoulretreats.com.au/yoga-retreats-blog/change-your-flow-with-viloma-pranayama

Yoga Chaitanya. (n.d.). _Viloma Pranayama: The Ultimate Guide For Vitality_. Retrieved from https://yogachaitanya.com/viloma-pranayama/

Nayar, K., Joshi, L., & Gupta, R. (1975). _Impact of Anuloma Viloma Pranayama on Vital Capacity of Different Age Groups_. International Journal of Scientific Research. Retrieved from [https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-](https://www.worldwidejournals.com/international-journal-of-scientific-research-\(IJSR\)/recent_issues_pdf/2015/March/March_2015_1492843854__103.pdf)

Kaur, M., & Kaur, H. (2022). _Effects of Anulom Vilom Pranayama on Respiratory Parameters_. Sport Pedagogy Journal. Retrieved from https://sportpedagogy.org.ua/index.php/ppcs/article/download/1872/901/3533

Gupta, R., & Yadav, R. (2023). _Effect of Anuloma Viloma on Vital Capacity of College Level Female Students_. ResearchGate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372657602_EFFECT_OF_ANULOMA_VILOMA_ON_VITAL_CAPACITY_OF_COLLEGE_LEVEL_FEMALE_STUDENTS_AN_ANALYSIS

Singh, A., & Kumar, S. (2022). _To study the effect of yoga asana and pranayama on pulmonary functions_. SUJH Journal. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/sujh/fulltext/2022/08020/to_study_the_effect_of_yoga_asana_and_pranayama_on.12.aspx

Sharma, P., & Singh, S. (2021). _A comparative study of effects of Anuloma-Viloma (pranayam) on premenstrual syndrome_. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(4), 384-389. Retrieved from https://www.ijpp.com/IJPP%20archives/2013_57_4_Oct%20-%20Dec/384-389.pdf

Holt, J., & Johnson, R. (2002). _The transduction properties of intercostal muscle mechanoreceptors_. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11069398_The_transduction_properties_of_intercostal_muscle_mechanoreceptors

Surya Bhedi Pranayama:

Classic Yoga. (2023). _Surya Bhedana Pranayama Details, Steps, Benefits_. Retrieved from https://www.classicyoga.co.in/2022/09/surya-bhedana-pranayama-details-steps-benefits/

Prana Sutra. (n.d.). _Surya Bhedana Pranayama in Yoga - Steps, Benefits, and Precautions_. Retrieved from https://www.prana-sutra.com/post/surya-bhedana-pranayama-right-nostril-breathing

101 Yogasan. (n.d.). _Surya Bhedi Pranayama, Steps, Benefits, Precautions_. Retrieved from https://101yogasan.com/pranayama/surya-bhedi-pranayama.htm

Singh, A., Sharma, S. K., Telles, S., & Balkrishna, A. (2024). Traditional Nostril Yoga Breathing Practices and Oxygen Consumption: A Randomized, Cross-over Study. International journal of yoga, 17(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_248_23

Telles, S., Gupta, R., & Balkrishna, A. (1994). Breathing through a particular nostril can alter metabolism and autonomic activities. _Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology_, 38(2), 133-137. Retrieved from [Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology] https://ijpp.com/IJPP%20archives/1994_38_2/133-137.pdf

Chandra Bhedana Pranayama:

Embracing Tranquility: Deepening the Journey with Chandra Bhedana Pranayama. (n.d.). Rishikesh Yogni Nirvana. https://rishikeshyognirvana.com/blog/chandra-bhedana-pranayama.php

Ventuno Yoga and You. (n.d.). _How to do Chandra Bheda Pranayama_. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGN8I7Ydvwo

Prana Awakening. (2022). _Chandra Bhedana (moon-piercing pranayama)_. Retrieved from https://www.pranawakening.com/post/chandra-bhedana

Tummee.com. (n.d.). _Single Nostril Breath (Chandra Bhedana Pranayama) Benefits_. Retrieved from https://www.tummee.com/yoga-poses/chandra-bhedana-pranayama/benefits

Sweta Vikram. (n.d.). _Chandra Bhedana: Left nostril yogic breathing to cool the body_. Retrieved from https://swetavikram.com/chandra-bhedana-left-nostril-yogic-breathing-to-cool-the-body/

PMC Article on Chandra Nadi Pranayama Effects: _Immediate effect of chandra nadi pranayama on cardiovascular parameters_. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3410188/

Kapalabhati Pranayama:

Sovik, R. (2015, November 19). Learn kapalabhati (Skull shining breath). https://yogainternational.com/article/view/learn-kapalabhati-skull-shining-breath/

Sarkar, S., & Sarkar, D. (2022). Study of immediate neurological and autonomic changes during Kapalbhati Pranayama. _Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care_, 11(2), 456–461. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8963645/

Kumar, D., & Dinesh, K. (2013). Effect of 6 Weeks of Kapalabhati Pranayama Training on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Young, Healthy Volunteers. _Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences_, 1(4), 111–114. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/366794

Sharma, M., & Singh, S. (2024). Psychophysiological effects of Bhastrika and Kapalabhati. _International Journal of Integrative Medicine_, 12(1), 45–52. https://mansapublishers.com/index.php/ijim/article/view/4366

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